[文章作者：張宴 本文版本：v5.2 最後修改：2009.05.20 轉載請注明原文鏈接：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v5/]
前言：本文是我撰寫的關於搭建「Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）」Web服務器的第5篇文章。本系列文章作為國內最早詳細介紹 Nginx + PHP 安裝、配置、使用的資料之一，為推動 Nginx 在國內的發展產生了積極的作用。這是一篇關於Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章，安裝、配置方式與第4篇文章相差不大，但增加了MySQL安裝配置的信息、PHP 5.2.9 的 php-fpm 補丁（非官方）。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本雖然為開發版，但在很多大型網站的生產環境中已經使用。
鏈接：《2007年9月的第1版》、《2007年12月的第2版》、《2008年6月的第3版》、《2008年8月的第4版》
Nginx (「engine x」) 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服務器，也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服務器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯訪問量第二的 Rambler.ru 站點開發的，它已經在該站點運行超過兩年半了。Igor 將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和穩定性，使得國內使用 Nginx 作為 Web 服務器的網站也越來越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、網易新聞等門戶網站頻道，六間房、56.com等視頻分享網站，Discuz!官方論壇、水木社區等知名論壇，豆瓣、YUPOO相冊、海內SNS、迅雷在線等新興Web 2.0網站。
Nginx 的官方中文維基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs
在高並發連接的情況下，Nginx是Apache服務器不錯的替代品。Nginx同時也可以作為7層負載均衡服務器來使用。根據我的測試結果，Nginx 0.7.58 + PHP 5.2.9 (FastCGI) 可以承受3萬以上的並發連接數，相當於同等環境下Apache的10倍。
根據我的經驗，4GB內存的服務器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能處理3000個並發連接，因為它們將佔用3GB以上的內存，還得為系統預留1GB的內存。我曾經就有兩台Apache服務器，因為在配置文件中設置的MaxClients為4000，當Apache並發連接數達到3800時，導致服務器內存和Swap空間用滿而崩潰。
而這台 Nginx 0.7.58 + PHP 5.2.9 (FastCGI) 服務器在3萬並發連接下，開啟的10個Nginx進程消耗150M內存（15M*10=150M），開啟的64個php-cgi進程消耗1280M內存（20M*64=1280M），加上系統自身消耗的內存，總共消耗不到2GB內存。如果服務器內存較小，完全可以只開啟25個php-cgi進程，這樣php-cgi消耗的總內存數才500M。
在3萬並發連接下，訪問Nginx 0.7.58 + PHP 5.2.9 (FastCGI) 服務器的PHP程序，仍然速度飛快。下圖為Nginx的狀態監控頁面，顯示的活動連接數為28457（關於Nginx的監控頁配置，會在本文接下來所給出的Nginx配置文件中寫明）：
我生產環境下的兩台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服務器，跑多個一般復雜的純PHP動態程序，單台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服務器跑PHP動態程序的處理能力已經超過「700次請求/秒」，相當於每天可以承受6000萬（700*60*60*24=60480000）的訪問量（更多信息見此），而服務器的系統負載也不高：
下面是用100個並發連接分別去壓生產環境中同一負載均衡器VIP下、提供相同服務的兩台服務器，一台為Nginx，另一台為Apache，Nginx每秒處理的請求數是Apache的兩倍多，Nginx服務器的系統負載、CPU使用率遠低於Apache：
你可以將連接數開到10000～30000，去壓Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，這是用瀏覽器訪問Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而訪問Apache服務器的phpinfo.php，則是該頁無法顯示。4G內存的服務器，即使再優化，Apache也很難在「webbench -c 30000 -t 60http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php」的壓力情況下正常訪問，而調整參數優化後的Nginx可以。
webbench 下載地址：http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
注意：webbench 做壓力測試時，該軟件自身也會消耗CPU和內存資源，為了測試准確，請將 webbench 安裝在別的服務器上。
測試結果：##### Nginx + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench – Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top – 14:06:13 up 27 days, 2:25, 2 users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.8% si
Mem: 6230016k total, 2959468k used, 3270548k free, 635992k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 3696k used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached
測試結果：##### Apache + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench – Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100 clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top – 14:06:20 up 27 days, 2:13, 2 users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9% id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9% si
Mem: 6230016k total, 3075948k used, 3154068k free, 379896k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 12592k used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached
為什麼Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？這得益於Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux 2.6內核）和kqueue（freebsd）網絡I/O模型，而Apache則使用的是傳統的select模型。目前Linux下能夠承受高並發訪問的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll網絡I/O模型。
處理大量的連接的讀寫，Apache所采用的select網絡I/O模型非常低效。下面用一個比喻來解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型進行之間的區別：
假設你在大學讀書，住的宿舍樓有很多間房間，你的朋友要來找你。select版宿管大媽就會帶著你的朋友挨個房間去找，直到找到你為止。而epoll版宿管大媽會先記下每位同學的房間號，你的朋友來時，只需告訴你的朋友你住在哪個房間即可，不用親自帶著你的朋友滿大樓找人。如果來了10000個人，都要找自己住這棟樓的同學時，select版和epoll版宿管大媽，誰的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高並發服務器中，輪詢I/O是最耗時間的操作之一，select和epoll的性能誰的性能更高，同樣十分明了。
安裝步驟：
（系統要求：Linux 2.6+ 內核，本文中的Linux操作系統為CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安裝成功）
一、獲取相關開源程序：
1、【適用CentOS操作系統】利用CentOS Linux系統自帶的yum命令安裝、升級所需的程序庫（RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包，進行安裝）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
2、【適用RedHat操作系統】RedHat等其他Linux發行版可從安裝光盤中找到這些程序庫的RPM包（事先可通過類似「rpm -qa | grep libjpeg」的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是「xxx-devel」不存在，需要安裝）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安裝，以下是RPM包下載網址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索網站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4 系統環境，通常情況下缺少的支持包安裝：
Ⅰ、i386 系統
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64 系統
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【適用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系統】下載程序源碼包：
本文中提到的所有開源軟件為截止到2009年05月05日的最新穩定版。
①、從軟件的官方網站下載：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget 「http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0〞
wget 「http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0〞
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget 「http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0〞
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
②、從blog.s135.com下載（比較穩定，只允許在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通過Wget、Curl等命令下載以下軟件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
二、安裝PHP 5.2.9（FastCGI模式）
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.9所需的支持庫：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure –enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.1.34
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.34/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ –enable-assembler –with-extra-charsets=complex –enable-thread-safe-client –with-big-tables –with-readline –with-ssl –with-embedded-server –enable-local-infile –with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下為附加步驟，如果你想在這台服務器上運行MySQL數據庫，則執行以下兩步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫，能夠連接其他服務器上的MySQL數據庫，那麼，以下兩步無需執行。
①、創建MySQL數據庫存放目錄
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data –user=mysql
③、創建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
輸入以下內容：
引用
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt=」(\u:blog.s135.com:)[\d]> 」
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
④、創建管理MySQL數據庫的shell腳本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
輸入以下內容（這裡的用戶名admin和密碼12345678接下來的步驟會創建）：
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
- #!/bin/sh
- mysql_port=3306
- mysql_username=」admin」
- mysql_password=」12345678〞
- function_start_mysql()
- {
- printf 「Starting MySQL…\n」
- /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
- }
- function_stop_mysql()
- {
- printf 「Stoping MySQL…\n」
- /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
- }
- function_restart_mysql()
- {
- printf 「Restarting MySQL…\n」
- function_stop_mysql
- sleep 5
- function_start_mysql
- }
- function_kill_mysql()
- {
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 『bin/mysqld_safe』 | grep ${mysql_port} | awk 『{printf $2}』)
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 『libexec/mysqld』 | grep ${mysql_port} | awk 『{printf $2}』)
- }
- if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
- function_start_mysql
- elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
- function_stop_mysql
- elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
- function_restart_mysql
- elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
- function_kill_mysql
- else
- printf 「Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n」
- fi
#!/bin/sh mysql_port=3306 mysql_username=」admin」 mysql_password=」12345678〞 function_start_mysql() { printf 「Starting MySQL…\n」 /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & } function_stop_mysql() { printf 「Stoping MySQL…\n」 /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown } function_restart_mysql() { printf 「Restarting MySQL…\n」 function_stop_mysql sleep 5 function_start_mysql } function_kill_mysql() { kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 『bin/mysqld_safe』 | grep ${mysql_port} | awk 『{printf $2}』) kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 『libexec/mysqld』 | grep ${mysql_port} | awk 『{printf $2}』) } if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then function_start_mysql elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then function_stop_mysql elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then function_restart_mysql elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then function_kill_mysql else printf 「Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n」 fi
⑤、賦予shell腳本可執行權限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、啟動MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
⑦、通過命令行登錄管理MySQL服務器（提示輸入密碼時直接回車）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、輸入以下SQL語句，創建一個具有root權限的用戶（admin）和密碼（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 『admin』@'localhost』 IDENTIFIED BY 『12345678′;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 『admin』@'127.0.0.1′ IDENTIFIED BY 『12345678′;
⑨、（可選）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3、編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1
cd php-5.2.9/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-openssl –with-mhash –enable-pcntl –enable-sockets –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl –with-xmlrpc –enable-zip
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=』-liconv』
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = 「./」
修改為extension_dir = 「/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/」
並在此行後增加以下幾行，然後保存：
extension = 「memcache.so」
extension = 「pdo_mysql.so」
extension = 「imagick.so」
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改為output_buffering = On
自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 』s#extension_dir = 「./」#extension_dir = 「/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/」\nextension = 「memcache.so」\nextension = 「pdo_mysql.so」\nextension = 「imagick.so」\n#』 /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 』s#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#』 /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 「s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g」 /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension=」/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so」
eaccelerator.shm_size=」128〞
eaccelerator.cache_dir=」/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache」
eaccelerator.enable=」1〞
eaccelerator.optimizer=」1〞
eaccelerator.check_mtime=」1〞
eaccelerator.debug=」0〞
eaccelerator.filter=」"
eaccelerator.shm_max=」0〞
eaccelerator.shm_ttl=」300〞
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=」120〞
eaccelerator.shm_only=」0〞
eaccelerator.compress=」1〞
eaccelerator.compress_level=」9〞
修改配置文件：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用
kernel.shmmax = 134217728
然後執行以下命令使配置生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
7、創建www用戶和組，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、創建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁，可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
輸入以下內容（如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用於程序調試，請將以下的
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?
- All relative paths in this config are relative to php』s install prefix
- Pid file
/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid - Error log file
/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log - Log level
notice - When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS …
10 - … in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
- Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator』s shared memory.
1m - Time limit on waiting child』s reaction on signals from master
5s - Set to 『no』 to debug fpm
yes - Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
default - Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
- Valid syntax is 『ip.ad.re.ss:port』 or just 『port』 or 『/path/to/unix/socket』
127.0.0.1:9000 - Set listen(2) backlog
-1 - Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
- In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
- Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
0666 - Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i 1 - Unix user of processes
www - Unix group of processes
www - Process manager settings
- Sets style of controling worker process count.
- Valid values are 』static』 and 『apache-like』
static - Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
- Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
- Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
- Used with any pm_style.
128 - Settings group for 『apache-like』 pm style
- Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
- Used only when 『apache-like』 pm_style is selected
20 - Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
- Used only when 『apache-like』 pm_style is selected
5 - Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
- Used only when 『apache-like』 pm_style is selected
35 - The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
- Should be used when 『max_execution_time』 ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
- 『0s』 means 『off』
0s - The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
- 『0s』 means 『off』
0s - The log file for slow requests
logs/slow.log - Set open file desc rlimit
51200 - Set max core size rlimit
0 - Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
- Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
- Redirect workers』 stdout and stderr into main error log.
- If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
yes - How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
- Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
- For endless request processing please specify 0
- Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
500 - Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
- Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
- Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
127.0.0.1 - Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
$HOSTNAME /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin /tmp /tmp /tmp $OSTYPE $MACHTYPE 2
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini後不重啟php-cgi，重新加載配置文件使用reload。
三、安裝Nginx 0.7.58
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.58/
./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、創建Nginx日志目錄
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、創建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog;
#limit_conn crawler 20;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access 『$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] 「$request」 『
『$status $body_bytes_sent 「$http_referer」 『
『」$http_user_agent」 $http_x_forwarded_for』;
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.s135.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
log_format wwwlogs 『$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] 「$request」 『
『$status $body_bytes_sent 「$http_referer」 『
『」$http_user_agent」 $http_x_forwarded_for』;
access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.s135.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下內容：
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、優化Linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內容：
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件後，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、這時，輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：
ps -ef | grep 「nginx: master process」 | grep -v 「grep」 | awk -F 『 『 『{print $2}』
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這麼麻煩，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本
1、創建腳本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
輸入以下內容：
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path=」/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/」
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d 「yesterday」 +」%Y」)/$(date -d 「yesterday」 +」%m」)/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d 「yesterday」 +」%Y」)/$(date -d 「yesterday」 +」%m」)/access_$(date -d 「yesterday」 +」%Y%m%d」).log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、設置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志
crontab -e
輸入以下內容：
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，會第一時間在以下網址發布：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v5/
附：文章修改歷史
● [2009年05月06日] [Version 5.0] 在4.14版本的基礎上重新撰寫本文，支持PHP 5.2.9，增加MySQL配置過程
● [2009年05月10日] [Version 5.1] 增加壓力測試方法。
● [2009年05月20日] [Version 5.2] Nginx升級到0.7.58版本；PHP編譯選項增加：–with-xmlrpc –enable-zip。
（全文完）
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